Aluminiumku waa tan ugu badan ee beryahan dambe la go'aamiyey biraha ay shirkaddu u isticmaasho xaddi badan.Loo yaqaan "alumina", xeryahooda aluminium ayaa loo isticmaalay in la isku keeno daawooyinka Masar hore iyo in lagu dhejiyo midabada maryaha wakhti qarniyadii dhexe.
Horraantii qarnigii siddeed iyo tobnaad, saynisyahannadu waxay tuhunsan yihiin in xeryahooda ay ku jiraan macdan, 1807-dii, farmashiyaha Ingriiska Sir Humphry Davy wuxuu isku dayay inuu go'doomiyo.In kasta oo dadaalkiisu uu ku guuldareystay, Davy wuxuu xaqiijiyay in aluminium ay leedahay saldhig bir ah, kaas oo uu ugu horreyntii loo yaqaan "aluminium."Davy ayaa markii dambe tan u beddelay "aluminium," iyo, xitaa sida saynisyahano dalal badan u higgaadiyaan ereyga "aluminium," dad badan oo Maraykan ah ayaa isticmaala higaada Davy ee dib loo eegay.
Sanadkii 1825 kii, farmashiistaha Danishka ah oo lagu magacaabo Hans Christian Ørsted ayaa si hufan u go'doomiyay aluminium, iyo labaatan sano ka dib, fiisigiste la yiraahdo Friedrich Wohler oo Jarmal ah ayaa isu rogay awood inuu abuuro qaybo waaweyn oo macdan ah;si kastaba ha ahaatee, qashin-qubka Wohler ayaa si kastaba ha ahaatee ugu wanagsan cabbirada madaxyada.
Sannadkii 1854kii Henri Sainte-Claire Deville, oo ahaa saynisyahan Faransiis ah, farsamada Wohler ee jilicsan ayaa ku filan in ay abuurto kuusyo aluminium ah oo waaweyn sida marmar.Nidaamka Deville wuxuu soo bandhigay aasaaska warshadaha aluminium ee goynta, iyo baararka aluminium ee aasaasiga ah ee la sameeyay waxaa lagu soo bandhigay 1855 Bandhigga Paris.
Arrinkan marka la eego qiimaha xad-dhaafka ah ee gooni-gooynta macdan cusub ee la helay ayaa xannibay ganacsigeeda.Si kastaba ha ahaatee, 1866 saynisyahano mid mid u ordayay gudaha Maraykanka iyo Faransiiska ayaa isla markaa horumariyay waxa loo yaqaan habka Hall-Héroult ee ka soocida alumina ee ogsijiinta iyadoo la kaashanayo isticmaalka tamarta hadda jirta.Halka mid kasta oo Charles Hall iyo Paul-Louis-Toussaint Héroult ay shatiyeeyeen sahankooda, Ameerika iyo Faransiiska siday u kala horreeyaan, Hall wuxuu noqday kan ugu horreeya ee lagu fahmo awoodda maaliyadeed ee habka nadiifinta.
1888 isaga iyo dhowr saaxiibo ah ayaa aasaasay Shirkadda Dhimista ee Pittsburgh, taas oo soo saartay aluminium-kii ugu horreeyay ee 12 bilood ah.Isticmaalka koronto-dhaliyaha si loo xoojiyo warshad cusub oo beddelaad ah oo u dhow Niagara Falls iyo bixinta baahida ganacsi ee soo koraya ee aluminium, loo-shaqeeyaha Hall-waxaa loo beddelay Shirkadda Aluminium ee Ameerika (Alcoa) ee 1907-kii.Héroult ayaa markii dambe ku rakibay Aluminium-Industrie-Aktien-Gesellschaft gudaha Switzerland.Waxaa lagu dhiirigeliyay caawinta wicitaanka sii kordhaya ee aluminiumka inta lagu jiro dagaalladii Adduunka I iyo II, inta badan goobaha caalamiga ah ee warshadaha kala duwan ayaa bilaabay inay bixiyaan aluminiumkooda shakhsi ahaaneed.
Sanadkii 1903, Faransiisku wuxuu noqday waddankii ugu horreeyay ee soo saara foil ka sameysan aluminium saafi ah.Maraykanku wuxuu raacay toban sano ka dib, isticmaalkiisii ugu horreeyay ee badeecada cusub wuxuu ahaa lugaha lugaha si loo ogaado xamaamyada tartanka.Faylasha aluminiumka ayaa isu beddelay dhawaan loo isticmaalo qashinka iyo baakadaha, iyo dagaalkii labaad ee adduunku waxa uu dardargeliyay isbeddelkan, isaga oo dejinaya bireed aluminium ah maro weyn oo baakad ah.
Ilaa Dagaalkii Labaad ee Adduunka, Alcoa ayaa weli ah soo saaraha kaliya ee Mareykan ah ee aluminium la safeeyey, laakiin maanta waxaa jira toddobo soo saarayaal muhiim ah oo aluminium aluminium ah oo ku yaal gudaha Mareykanka.
Waqtiga boostada: Mar-08-2022